Calcium chloride is a chemical substance composed of chlorine and calcium elements, with a chemical formula of CaCl2 and slightly bitter. It is a typical ionic halide, white, hard pieces or particles at room temperature. Its common applications include brine for refrigeration equipment, road de-icing agents and desiccants.

Nature

Colorless cubic crystals, white or off-white, granular, honeycomb block, spherical, irregular granular, powder. Slightly poisonous, odorless, slightly bitter taste. It is highly hygroscopic and easily deliquesces when exposed to the air. It is easily soluble in water, with a solubility of 74.5 g/100g water at 20°C. At the same time, it releases a lot of heat (dissolution enthalpy of calcium chloride is -176.2cal/g), and its aqueous solution is neutral. Easily soluble in various polar and protic solvents, solubility in the following solvents at 20°C (g/100mL solvent): methanol: 29.2, absolute ethanol: 25.8, n-propanol: 15.8, n-butanol: 25.0, n-pentanol: 11.5, ethylene glycol: 21.6 (25°C), formic acid: 43.1, acetic acid: 15.0 (30°C), hydrazine: 16.0. However, in dipolar solvents and low polar solvents, such as ether, tetrahydrofuran, etc., it is only slightly soluble or insoluble. It reacts with ammonia or ethanol to generate CaCl2·8NH3 and CaCl2·4C2H5OH complexes respectively. The solution crystallizes at low temperature and precipitates hexahydrate, which dissolves in its own crystal water when it is gradually heated to 30°C, and gradually loses water when it continues to heat, and becomes dihydrate at 200°C, and becomes dihydrate when heated to 260°C White porous anhydrous calcium chloride. During the heating and dehydration process of calcium chloride hydrate, part of the hydrolysis reaction occurs, so the product often contains a small amount of CaO impurities.

Chemical Properties

Antidote

The pH value of 5% aqueous solution is 4.5-9.2. The 1.7% aqueous solution is isotonic with serum. The product is made from calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, and it is an antidote for magnesium poisoning [3] . Calcium ions can form insoluble calcium fluoride with fluoride, which is used for the rescue of fluorosis.

chemical reaction equation

Calcium chloride with higher solubility can undergo metathesis reaction to form precipitates with lower solubility:

3 CaCl2(aq) + 2 K3PO4(aq) → Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6 KCl(aq)

CaCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(s) + 2 KCl(aq)

CaCl2(aq) + 2 KOH(aq) → Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 KCl(aq)

CaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → CaCO3(s) + 2 KCl(aq)

CaCl2(aq) + 2 KF(aq) → CaF2(s) + 2 KCl(aq)

Main Application

Industrial applications
1. Used as a multi-purpose desiccant, such as for the drying of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide and other gases. Used as a dehydrating agent in the production of alcohols, esters, ethers and acrylic resins. Calcium chloride aqueous solution is an important refrigerant used in refrigerators and ice making. It can accelerate the hardening of concrete and increase the cold resistance of building mortar. It is an excellent building antifreeze. It is used as antifogging agent and road dust collecting agent in ports, and fabric fireproofing agent. Used as a protective agent and refining agent for aluminum-magnesium metallurgy. It is a precipitating agent for the production of lake pigments. Used for deinking of waste paper processing. It is the raw material for the production of calcium salts.

2. Chelating agent; curing agent; calcium enhancer; refrigerant for freezing; desiccant; anticaking agent; antimicrobial agent; pickling agent; tissue improver.

3. Used as desiccant, road dust collector, anti-fog agent, fabric fire retardant, food preservative and for the manufacture of calcium salt.

4. Used as lubricating oil additive.

5. Used as analytical reagent.

6. It is mainly used to treat tetany, urticaria, exudative edema, intestinal and ureteral colic, and magnesium poisoning caused by decreased blood calcium.

7. It is used as a calcium fortifier, curing agent, chelating agent and desiccant in the food industry.

8. It can increase the permeability of bacterial cell wall .

Medical Use

Indications:
1. This product can be used for intestinal colic, etc.

2. It can be used for itchy skin diseases.

3. It is used to rescue magnesium salt poisoning.

4. Calcium supplementation for vitamin D deficiency rickets, rickets, pregnant women and lactating women.

5. Treatment of calcium deficiency, acute hypocalcemia, tetany caused by alkalosis and hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, etc.;

6. Allergic diseases;

7. Rescue in case of magnesium poisoning;

8. Rescue of fluorosis;

9. Applied during cardiac resuscitation, such as the rescue of abnormal heart function caused by hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, or calcium channel block.

10. Calcium chloride solution can induce actin monomer to polymerize, and the critical concentration of actin monomer to start to polymerize has an inverse function relationship with the concentration of calcium chloride solution. The specific mechanism of the induced polymerization of actin is related to the binding of calcium ions and multiple specific parts of the protein

Dosage usage

Dilute 10-20mL of 5% calcium chloride solution with 25% glucose solution and inject slowly intravenously.